Since signal flags interest me and my business is with them, here is a brief history:
History of Signal Flags
A phonetic alphabet is a list of words used to identify letters in a
message transmitted by radio or telephone. Spoken words from an
approved list are substituted for letters. For example, the word "Navy"
would be "November Alfa Victor Yankee" when spelled in the phonetic
alphabet. This practice helps to prevent confusion between similar
sounding letters, such as "m" and "n", and to clarify communications
that may be garbled during transmission.
An early version of the phonetic alphabet appears in the 1913 edition
of The Bluejackets’ Manual. Found in the Signals section, it was paired
with the Alphabetical Code Flags defined in the International Code.
Both the meanings of the flags (the letter which they represent) and
their names (which make up the phonetic alphabet) were selected by
international agreement. Later editions included the Morse code signal
as well.
Flags with special meanings in Navy signaling were given extra names.
These five flags are called governing flags. They convey specific
information about how to interpret a signal based on their position
among the other flags raised. The governing flags are called Afirm
(Affirmative), Int (Interrogatory), Negat (Negative), Option
(Optional), Prep (Preparatory). The Navy often substituted these
special names for the standard word listed in the phonetic alphabet.
During World War II, when it was necessary for the Navy to communicate
with the Army or Allied forces, signalmen were directed to use the
standard words, given in parentheses.
The words chosen to represent some letters have changed since the
phonetic alphabet was introduced. When these changes occur, they are
made by international agreement. The current phonetic alphabet was
adopted in 1957.
Kathy
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